Released documentation snapshot. This immutable manual describes viewcompose-animation-core:0.1.0-alpha04 from source revision 143b09ac. For current guidance, open the current module catalog.

viewcompose-animation-core is the platform-neutral timing and sampling engine for ViewCompose motion. It defines immutable animation specifications, easing and value conversion, deterministic timeline sampling, coroutine-driven frame loops, a low-level mutable animated value, and shared transition-segment coordination. It contains no Android UI or composition dependency.

Artifact and stability​

dependencies {
    implementation("com.viewcompose:viewcompose-animation-core:0.1.0-alpha04")
}

• Stability: Alpha. Timing normalization, repetition, cancellation, and transition-segment behavior are reviewed and tested; names and higher-level composition integration may still evolve between alphas.
• Platform: Kotlin/JVM with no Android framework dependency.
• viewcompose-runtime is exposed transitively because MonotonicFrameClock is part of public clock and animation APIs. Kotlin coroutines provide structured cancellation.
• Applications normally receive it transitively from viewcompose-animation; depend on it directly for custom runtimes, deterministic sampling, preview tooling, or platform-neutral tests.

Specifications and easing​

AnimationSpec is an immutable time-to-progress description. It does not own a clock, coroutine, or value. The built-in families are:

• tween: fixed duration, optional delay, and an Easing curve;
• spring: a deterministic bounded damped-oscillation approximation over a fixed duration;
• keyframes: timestamped progress checkpoints with linear interpolation between them;
• snap: immediate target selection;
• repeatable: a finite number of restart or alternating cycles;
• infiniteRepeatable: cycles until its driving coroutine is cancelled.

val motion = repeatable(
    iterations = 2,
    animation = tween(
        durationMillis = 240,
        easing = EasingDefaults.FastOutSlowIn,
    ),
    repeatMode = RepeatMode.Reverse,
)

The engine normalizes negative delays to zero and non-positive finite durations to one millisecond. A zero-iteration repeat is the exception: it has zero duration and remains at the start value. Factories preserve requested values in the immutable object; normalization occurs during duration queries and sampling.

EasingDefaults provides allocation-stable polynomial curves. CubicBezierEasing supports custom control points and performs a bounded inversion of the x axis. Keep Bézier x coordinates in 0f..1f; the constructor does not reject non-monotonic curves. The engine clamps final visual progress to 0f..1f, including spring and easing output, so animation-core does not expose visual overshoot in this release.

Semantic motion schemes and reduced motion​

MotionScheme groups five semantic timing roles without naming a component or design system: fast/default effects, fast/default spatial movement, and expressive spatial movement. A component selects a MotionRole; it does not copy raw durations into its structural recipe. The immutable scheme owns neither a clock nor animation state and resolves to the existing AnimationSpec families.

ReducedMotionPolicy resolves the same target state while replacing non-essential movement with SnapSpec or a shortened specification. Essential state communication is duration-scaled rather than hidden. Scaling applies recursively to tween delay, bounded spring duration, keyframe duration and checkpoints, and repeating child specifications. Applications or integration roots supply the host's reduced-motion decision explicitly; animation-core performs no platform settings lookup.

MotionInterruptionPolicy.RetargetFromCurrent matches the last-writer behavior in viewcompose-animation. SnapToTarget is a component-owner policy: the owner must select the target immediately instead of starting a runner. A scheme never launches competing loops.

Deterministic sampling​

sampleAnimationValue evaluates one specification at an explicit nanosecond play time. It has no clock, coroutine, or state ownership, making it the preferred primitive for seeking, tests, transition channels, and preview tooling:

val halfway = sampleAnimationValue(
    startValue = 20f,
    endValue = 100f,
    animationSpec = tween(durationMillis = 400, easing = EasingDefaults.Linear),
    converter = AnimationConverters.Float,
    playTimeNanos = 200_000_000L,
)

animationDurationNanos includes tween delay, multiplies repeat cycles with saturation instead of overflow, and returns Long.MAX_VALUE for an infinite repeat. isAnimationFinished always returns false for infinite repeats.

Sampling allocates start, end, and result vectors through the converter on each call. Frame-sensitive custom runtimes should avoid unnecessary wrapper allocation and should not use converters for blocking or I/O-bound work.

Value conversion​

AnimationConverter<T> decomposes a domain value into independently interpolated Float dimensions, then reconstructs it. Implementations must keep a stable dimension count, return an independent vector, and never retain the result vector passed to fromVector.

Built-in converters cover Float, Int, and packed ARGB Int. Integer reconstruction truncates toward zero. ARGB conversion interpolates encoded channels independently; it is not gamma-correct or color-space aware.

data class Point(val x: Float, val y: Float)

val converter = object : AnimationConverter<Point> {
    override fun toVector(value: Point) = floatArrayOf(value.x, value.y)

    override fun fromVector(vector: FloatArray) = Point(vector[0], vector[1])
}

When endpoint converter dimensions differ, sampling uses the start vector's size. Missing end dimensions retain their corresponding start dimensions; extra end dimensions are ignored. Treat a dimension mismatch as a converter defect rather than relying on this recovery behavior.

Frame-driven execution and cancellation​

runAnimation awaits a MonotonicFrameClock and calls onValue for each sample on the caller's coroutine. A finite completion publishes the exact terminal sample after the frame loop, so the terminal value can be observed twice. Infinite specifications return only through cancellation.

Cancellation does not force the target value. Depending on the frame clock, cancellation either propagates as the coroutine's cancellation exception or is observed between callbacks and reported as AnimationRunResult.Cancelled. Frame-clock and callback exceptions propagate unchanged. Keep callbacks short because they execute in the frame path.

AnimatableCore stores the latest sample but intentionally does not provide a mutex, mutation priority, or coroutine scope. Concurrent animateTo and snapTo calls can overwrite each other. Higher-level code must serialize mutations or cancel and join the previous job before retargeting. Cancellation leaves the last published value available.

viewcompose-animation provides the composition-aware, last-writer-oriented APIs most application code should use. Use AnimatableCore directly only when the caller already owns structured concurrency and a frame clock.

Multi-channel transition coordination​

TransitionCore<S> coordinates logical endpoints and one timeline across multiple animation channels. A transition owner follows this order:

1. call updateTarget when the desired state changes;
2. register every channel's normalized duration with registerDuration;
3. advance the shared segment using updatePlayTime;
4. let time reaching the maximum duration commit the target, or call finishRunningSegment.

The longest registered channel defines segment duration. Shorter channels settle in their own samplers. During a running retarget, the next logical segment starts from the previous target rather than each channel's current sampled value; higher-level channel owners preserve visual continuity. TransitionCore is not thread-safe and does not launch or cancel work.

Testing custom animation code​

• Use sampleAnimationValue for exact boundary, delay, repeat, and reverse-cycle assertions.
• Supply a deterministic fake MonotonicFrameClock when testing runAnimation or AnimatableCore.
• Verify cancellation before the target and ensure no terminal sample is forced.
• Verify custom converter round trips, stable dimensions, missing-data policy, and numeric precision.
• For transitions, register channels before advancing time and test mid-segment retargeting explicitly.

The module test suite covers tween completion and delay, reverse-repeat terminal state, infinite frame pacing, cancellation, ARGB round trips, maximum channel duration, transition retargeting, semantic role resolution, and deterministic reduced-motion substitution.

Related documentation​

• Runtime module
• Architecture overview
• Source documentation and API comment standard
• Project roadmap

The complete generated reference is available in the viewcompose-animation-core API tree.

Compatibility notes​

The 0.1.0-alpha03 line establishes normalized finite timing, restart and reverse repetition, frame-clock-driven cancellation, per-dimension converters, and shared transition-segment timing. These contracts are intentionally platform-neutral; Android interop belongs to host modules and composition ownership belongs to viewcompose-animation.